Ankle Instability
& Reconstruction
For individuals with chronic ankle sprains or instability, people with certain foot deformities like hindfoot varus or high arches and those with general ligament laxity or conditions like Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.
Toe Deformity Symptoms
Pain while wearing shoes
Difficulty finding properly fitted shoes
Deformed toes that may become rigid and immovable
Corns or calluses from friction
The Causes
Congenital: Present at birth, such as curly toe and polydactyly
Improper footwear: Tight, narrow, or high-heeled shoes
Diseases: Diabetes, stroke, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis
Injuries: Fractures from accidents or trauma
The Diagnosis
Physical Examination: Visual inspection for deformities, swelling, and range of motion
Diagnostic Tests: X-ray, MRI, CT, or ultrasound if nerve involvement is suspected
The Treatment
Conservative Treatment: Specially designed shoes, cushions, splints, toe stretching exercises
Surgical Treatment: Realignment of bones, tendons, and ligaments; pins may be used for stability